地下水资源开采潜力评价的综合因素浅析     

鲍其云 《浙江国土资源》2001,17(1):73-76

浙江省现有地下水开采潜力的分析与评价方法存在着不足,本文结合乐清市地下水资源开发利用规划实例,浅析浙江省地下水资源开采潜力分析与评价的综合影响因素.  相似文献   

The first World Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

P. Cinzano  F. Falchi  C.D. Elvidge 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(3):689-707

We present the first World Atlas of the zenith artificial night sky brightness at sea level. Based on radiance-calibrated high-resolution DMSP satellite data and on accurate modelling of light propagation in the atmosphere, it provides a nearly global picture of how mankind is proceeding to envelop itself in a luminous fog. Comparing the Atlas with the United States Department of Energy (DOE) population density data base, we determined the fraction of population who are living under a sky of given brightness. About two-thirds of the World population and 99 per cent of the population in the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) and European Union live in areas where the night sky is above the threshold set for polluted status. Assuming average eye functionality, about one-fifth of the World population, more than two-thirds of the United States population and more than one half of the European Union population have already lost naked eye visibility of the Milky Way. Finally, about one-tenth of the World population, more than 40 per cent of the United States population and one sixth of the European Union population no longer view the heavens with the eye adapted to night vision, because of the sky brightness.  相似文献   

Contribution of storms to groundwater recharge in the semi‐arid region of Karnataka,India     

K. Shivanna  U. P. Kulkarni  T. B. Joseph  S. V. Navada 《水文研究》2004,18(3):473-485

This paper describes the application of environmental isotopes and injected tracer techniques in estimating the contribution of storms as well as annual precipitation to groundwater recharge and its circulation, in the semi‐arid region of Bagepalli, Kolar district, Karnataka. Environmental isotopes ²H, ¹⁸O and ³H were used to study the effect of storms on the hydrological system, and an isotope balance was used to compute the contribution of a storm component to the groundwater. Some of the groundwater samples collected during the post‐storm periods were highly depleted in stable isotope content with higher deuterium excess relative to groundwater from the pre‐storm periods. Significant variation in deuterium excess in groundwater from the same area, collected in two different periods, indicates the different origin of air masses. The estimated recharge component of a storm event of 600 mm to the groundwater was found to be in the range of 117–165 mm. There was no significant variation in environmental tritium content of post‐storm and pre‐storm groundwater, indicating the fast circulation of groundwater in the system. After completion of the environmental isotope work, an injected radiotracer ³H technique was applied to estimate the direct recharge of total precipitation to the groundwater. The estimated recharge to the groundwater is 33 mm of the 550 mm annual precipitation during 1992. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

澳门附近海域沉积物污染状况及特征分析     

张和庆  谢健 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(3):39-44

掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。  相似文献   

WEKU – a GIS-Supported stochastic model of groundwater residence times in upper aquifers for the supraregional groundwater management     

R. Kunkel  F. Wendland 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(1-2):1-9

 The supraregional GIS-supported stochastical model, WEKU, for the determination of groundwater residence times in the upper aquifers of large groundwater provinces is presented. Using a two-dimensional analytical model of groundwater flow, groundwater residence times are determined within two extreme cases. In the first case, maximal groundwater residence times are calculated, representing the part of groundwater, that is drained by the main surface water of a groundwater catchment area. In the second case, minimal groundwater residence times for drainage into the nearest surface water are determined. Using explicit distribution functions of the input parameters, mean values as well as potential ranges of variations of the groundwater residence times are derived. The WEKU model has been used for the determination of groundwater residence times throughout Germany. The model results – mean values and deviations of the groundwater velocity and the maximal and minimal groundwater residence times in the upper aquifers – are presented by general maps and discussed in detail. It is shown that the groundwater residence times in the upper aquifer vary regionally, differentiated between less than 1 year and more than 2000 years. Using this information, the time scales can be specified, until measures to remediate polluted groundwater resources may lead to a substantial groundwater quality improvement in the different groundwater provinces of Germany. With respect to its supraregional scale of application, the WEKU model may serve as a useful tool for the supraregional groundwater management on a state, federal or international level. Received: 15 August 1995 · Accepted: 15 October 1995  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中硼溴碘   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

黄光明  窦银萍  张静梅  张培新  高孝礼 《岩矿测试》2008,27(1):25-28

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中B、Br、I的方法。选定φ=2%(体积分数)的稀NH3.H2O介质消除碘的记忆效应。采用干扰较少的10B和79Br同位素。B、Br、I在0~10 000 ng/mL呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为10B 0.176 ng/mL,79Br 0.876ng/mL,127I 0.132 ng/mL;精密度(RSD,n=12)为10B 2.86%,79Br 3.36%,127I 2.69%;10B的阶梯加标回收率为94.6%~101.5%,79Br为98.3%~104.9%,127I为96.5%~102.0%。  相似文献   

气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六结果的不确定度评定   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

李松  饶竹 《岩矿测试》2008,27(4):295-298

依照《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六(HCH)四种单体结果进行了不确定度评定。分析了测量过程中引入的不确定度来源,包括提取液体积的量取、样品提取溶液的定容体积、分析仪器的进样量、标准系列溶液的测量以及仪器重复测定等分量引入不确定度及其各参数的采集和计算方法,最后合成标准不确定度,通过乘以95%概率下的扩展因子2,获得测量结果的扩展不确定度。  相似文献   

Soil contamination from urban and industrial activity: example of the mining district of Linares (southern Spain)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Martínez  J. F. Llamas  E. de Miguel  J. Rey  M. C. Hidalgo 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(4):669-677

The Linares region (southern Spain) has been subjected to two important sources of pollution: the intensive mining works and the urban-industrial activity. To obtain a geochemical characterisation of the soil, 31 trace elements were analysed and 669 soil samples were collected. By means of clustering analysis, we identified groups of elements and grid squares in which relations could be established concerning soil lithology, urban and industrial activities and the degree of pollution impact; in addition, we were able to characterise the geochemical background of the study area. The multivariate study led us to identify four factors. Particularly important was factor 2, which represented the elements associated with mineral paragenesis (Cu, Pb, As, Co, Mn, Zn, Sn, Ba). This factor also contains elements related with an urban-industrial activity, such as Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Ba. Furthermore, we identified factor 4, associating Ni, V and Cr, and which is related to the use of fuels.  相似文献   

Occurrence and evolution of the Xiaotangshan hot spring in Beijing, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhou Haiyan  Zhou Xun  Chai Rui  Yu Lan  Liu Chunhui  Li Liangping 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1483-1489

Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO₃ type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water.  相似文献   

Phosphorus transport in shallow groundwater in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda: results from field and laboratory measurements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. R. Kulabako  M. Nalubega  R. Thunvik 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1535-1551

To understand Phosphorus (P) sources and transport processes in the subsurface in Bwaise III Parish, Kampala, P attenuation and adsorption capacities of soils were studied in situ and from laboratory measurements. Relationships between sorption parameters and soil matrix properties, rates and mechanism of the adsorption process and soil P fractions were also investigated. P was generally higher in the wet than the dry season, but for both seasons, the maximum was 5 mgP/l. P transport mechanisms appeared to be a combination of adsorption, precipitation, leaching from the soil media and by colloids with the latter two playing an important role in the wet season. The sorption process comprised two phases with the first stage rate constants being about fourfold those of the second stage. The Langmuir isotherm described the sorption data well (R ² ≥ 0.95) with the second soil layer exhibiting the highest sorption maximum (C _max) (average value 0.6 ± 0.17 mgP/gDW). The best prediction of C _max had organic carbon, Ca, available P and soil pH. Residual P consisting mostly of organics was the main fraction in all the layers followed by inorganic HCl-P and NaOH-P in the top and middle layers, respectively. Loosely bound P (NH₄Cl-P) was the least fraction (<0.4% of total P) in all layers indicating the high binding capacity of P by the soils. The study results suggest that P dynamics is related to Ca, Fe and organic carbon content of the soils.  相似文献